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Diabetes is a common medical condition that affects how the body regulates blood sugar, and it can lead to serious health emergencies. As a WorkSafeBC-certified OFA Level 1 first aid attendant, recognizing and responding quickly to diabetic emergencies is crucial. This guide will provide the essential knowledge and steps needed to manage diabetic emergencies effectively in the workplace.
Understanding Diabetic Emergencies
Diabetic emergencies occur when a person’s blood sugar levels become dangerously low (hypoglycemia) or dangerously high (hyperglycemia). Both conditions can lead to severe complications if not treated promptly.
Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar)
Hypoglycemia happens when there is too little glucose in the bloodstream. This can occur if a person with diabetes takes too much insulin, skips a meal, or exercises too much.
Signs and Symptoms of Hypoglycemia:
- Pale and clammy skin
- Dizziness, trembling, and weakness
- Hunger
- Confusion, restlessness, or irrational behavior
- Slurred speech
- Seizures (in severe cases)
Hyperglycemia (High Blood Sugar)
Hyperglycemia occurs when blood sugar levels are too high, often due to insufficient insulin, illness, or overeating.
Signs and Symptoms of Hyperglycemia:
- Thirst and excessive urination
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea and vomiting
- Deep, rapid breathing
- Dry mouth
- A fruity, sweet odor to the breath
- Weak, rapid pulse
- Warm, dry skin
Priority Action Approach
When responding to a potential diabetic emergency, follow these OFA Level 1 first aid steps:
1. Scene Assessment
- Ensure the scene is safe for both you and the worker.
- Identify any hazards.
- Determine if others are affected.
2. Responsiveness Assessment
- Check the worker’s level of consciousness using the AVPU scale (Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive).
3. Primary Survey
- Airway (A): Ensure the patient has a clear and open airway. If they are responsive, confirm they are speaking clearly. If unresponsive, use a head-tilt chin-lift maneuver.
- Breathing (B): Look, listen, and feel for breathing. Observe for abnormal breathing patterns.
- Circulation (C): Check for signs of shock, such as pale, cool, or clammy skin.
4. Activate Emergency Response Procedures
- Instruct a co-worker to call 911 or activate the workplace Emergency Transport Vehicle (ETV).
- Provide clear information to emergency responders:
- The location
- The patient’s condition
- Known history of diabetes (if applicable)
- Ensure the co-worker confirms that the call was placed.
5. Critical Interventions
For a Conscious Patient (Suspected Hypoglycemia):
✅ Administer sugar:
- Give the worker a sugary drink (fruit juice, non-diet soda).
- Alternatively, provide a sugary snack such as a candy bar.
For a Patient with an Altered Level of Consciousness:
✅ Recovery position:
- Place the patient in the ¾-prone (recovery) position to help drain fluids and prevent choking.
✅ Administer sugar carefully: - If the patient is hypoglycemic, place sugar or glucose inside their cheek, ensuring they can safely absorb it.
🚫 DO NOT give food or drink to an unresponsive patient, as this poses a choking risk.
Secondary Survey and Ongoing Assessment
- Medical history check: Look for MedicAlert bracelets or necklaces indicating diabetes.
- Reassess ABCs every five minutes: Continuously monitor airway, breathing, and circulation.
- Monitor vital signs: Keep track of the worker’s breathing rate, level of consciousness, and pulse.
- Update EMS dispatch: Report any changes in the patient’s condition.
Documentation
📋 Complete a first aid record:
- Document all observations, treatments, and communications with emergency responders.
Key Takeaways
✔ Act Quickly – Diabetic emergencies can escalate rapidly; fast intervention is critical.
✔ Recognize the Signs – Differentiate between hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia to provide the right care.
✔ Prioritize Airway – Ensure a clear airway, especially if the worker is unresponsive.
✔ Administer Sugar – If the worker is conscious, provide a fast-acting carbohydrate.
✔ Position Properly – Place unresponsive patients in the recovery position.
✔ Call for Help – Activate emergency response procedures immediately.
✔ Monitor Continuously – Keep track of the patient’s condition and update emergency services.
By following these first aid course Vancouver guidelines, OFA Level 1 attendants can effectively manage diabetic emergencies, improving patient outcomes and maintaining a safe workplace.
Need First Aid Training?
If you’re looking to enhance your skills, consider enrolling in an OFA Level 1 course in Vancouver. Fundamental First Aid offers WorkSafeBC-approved training that will equip you with the confidence and expertise needed to handle medical emergencies.
Book your first aid training today!